Gli estrogeni
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Gli estrogeni sono ormoni prettamente femminili ma presenti in minima parte anche nei maschi. Gli estrogeni sono fondamentalmente tre: Estrone circa il 10-20% degli estrogeni totali circolanti, estradiolo circa il 10-20% ed estriolo circa il 60-80% degli estrogeni totali circolanti. In determinati periodi della vita la situazione cambia, così in gravidanza si riscontrano concentrazioni elevate di estriolo. In menopausa invece prevale l’estrone. E’ importante anche il rapporto con il progesterone (ormone prettamente femminile il cui compito è quello di preparare gli organi riproduttivi alla fecondazione).
Regolano circa 400 funzioni tra cui:
-Regolano la pressione
-Diminuiscono il colesterolo LDL e aumentano il colesterolo HDL
-Riducono l’infiammazione
-Contribuiscono a mantenere l’elasticità arteriosa
-Aumentano la capacità di concentrazione
-Mantengono la densità ossea
-Aumentano l’interesse sessuale
-Mantengono idratata ed elastica la pelle
-Stimolano il metabolismo basale
-Migliorano la sensibilità insulinica
Le donne possono aumentare il loro benessere attraverso alimenti ricchi di estrogeni. Gli estrogeni sono gli ormoni sessuali femminili e una loro carenza può portare ad una bassa libido. La principale causa della diminuzione degli estrogeni è l’età. Il calo di estrogeni ha conseguenze anche estetiche sul corpo come ad esempio l’accumulo di grasso addominale. L’invecchiamento porta ad un calo ormonale ma con una buona alimentazione e uno stile di vita sano il naturale declino si può rallentare.
Nell’uomo gli estrogeni sono importanti per le funzioni sessuali maschili ma in eccesso sono dannosi. Soprattutto con l’avanzare dell’età, con la mancanza di attività fisica e il naturale declino del testosterone possono provocare problemi di erezione, diminuzione della fertilità, ginecomastia, accumulo di grasso. Per questo motivo gli uomini in determinate situazioni, come quando si hanno livelli di testosterone basso ed estrogeni alti non devono esagerare con i cibi ricchi di estrogeni.
Alimenti ricchi di estrogeni
Gli alimenti ricchi di estrogeni sono il peperoncino, la curcuma, lo zenzero, i semi di soia, i chiodi di garofano. Parlando di alimenti più comuni latticini, frutta e verdura sono ricchi di estrogeni. Come riporta il capitolo 4 del libro del dottor Spattini ”Alimentazione e integrazione per gli ormoni e la mente” ci sono varie sostanze vegetali che possono essere usate per aumentare gli estrogeni. Questi integratori infatti vengono prescritti solitamente alle donne che lottano contro i sintomi della menopausa.
La Cimicifuga racemosa (una pianta diffusa nel Nord America) e il trifoglio rosso vengono prescritti solitamente insieme come integratori naturali. Il luppolo (infatti chi beve molta birra deve sapere che negli uomini il luppolo diminuisce il desiderio sessuale, mentre nelle donne avviene l’opposto e ne aumenta il desiderio).
Il Dong Quai oppure chiamato anche “Angelica cinese” è un’erba, appunto diffusa in Cina, che viene usata per trattare disturbi ginecologici come irregolarità mestruali, fatica, anemia e ha ottime proprietà antinfiammatorie e antiossidanti. Utilizzata anche come afrodisiaco è appunto ricca di estrogeni. I semi di soia sono particolarmente ricchi di fitoestrogeni, che sono molto simili agli estrogeni ma più deboli. Allo stesso tempo sono efficaci in caso di squilibri ormonali e fungono da modulatori, limitando la produzione di estrogeni in caso di eccesso e aumentandone la produzione in caso di carenza.
Gli estrogeni causano il cancro?
Ci sono molte discussioni riguardo questo argomenti. Molti sostengono che certi tipi di cancro siano agevolati da un eccesso di estrogeni e in particolare di fitoestrogeni (composti vegetali con struttura simile agli estrogeni). Per questo motivo molti sconsigliano l’uso di soia. Molti studi in verità hanno dimostrato che un consumo di alimenti ricchi di fitoestrogeni (come appunto la soia) riducano il rischio di tumore al seno. Sugli altri tipi di tumore non ci sono prove certe sul legame tra consumo di fitoestrogeni e tumore ma solo ipotesi. Come sempre quindi dobbiamo prendere con le pinze ciò che leggiamo e rivolgerci ad un medico in caso di dubbi.
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